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Fun with wav
< / h1 >
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< p > < span class = "sc" > < abbr title = "Too long; didn't read" > tl;dr< / abbr > : < / span > Played to process a < code > wav< / code > file. < code > C< / code > was easier and cleaner than Ruby.< / p >
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< p > edit: I wanted this program to work only on one specific machine (a x86 on a 32 bit Ubuntu). Therefore I didn’ t had any portability consideration. This is only a < em > hack< / em > .< / p >
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< / div >
< p > I had to compute the sum of the absolute values of data of a < code > .wav< / code > file.
For efficiency (and fun) reasons, I had chosen < code > C< / code > language.< / p >
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< p > I didn’ t programmed in < code > C< / code > for a long time.
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From my memory it was a pain to read and write to files.
But in the end I was really impressed by the code I get.
It was really clean.
This is even more impressive knowing I used mostly low level functions.< / p >
< p > A < code > wav< / code > file has an header containing many metadata.
This header was optimized to take as few space as possible.
The header is then a block of packed bytes.< / p >
< ul >
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< li > The 4< sup > th< / sup > first bytes must contains < code > RIFF< / code > in ASCII,< / li >
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< li > the following 4< sup > th< / sup > Bytes is an 32 bits integer giving the size of the file minus 8, etc… < / li >
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< / ul >
< p > Surprisingly, I believe that reading this kind of file is easier in < code > C< / code > than in most higher level language.
Proof: I only have to search on the web the complete header format and write it in a struct.< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "c" > struct wavfile
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{
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char id[4]; // should always contain "RIFF"
int totallength; // total file length minus 8
char wavefmt[8]; // should be "WAVEfmt "
int format; // 16 for PCM format
short pcm; // 1 for PCM format
short channels; // channels
int frequency; // sampling frequency
int bytes_per_second;
short bytes_by_capture;
short bits_per_sample;
char data[4]; // should always contain "data"
int bytes_in_data;
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};
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > To read this kind of data in Ruby, I certainly had to write a block of code for each element in the struct.
But in < code > C< / code > I simply written:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "c" > fread(& header,sizeof(header),1,wav)
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Only one step to fill my data structure. Magic!< / p >
< p > Then, get an int value coded on two Bytes is also not a natural operation for high level language.
In < code > C< / code > , to read a sequence of 2 Bytes numbers I only had to write:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "c" > short value=0;
while( fread(& value,sizeof(value),1,wav) ) {
// do something with value
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}
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Finally I ended with the following code. Remark I know the wav format (16 bit / 48000Hz):< / p >
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< div class = "codefile" > < a href = "/Scratch/en/blog/2010-10-14-Fun-with-wav/code/wavsum.c" > ➥ wavsum.c< / a > < / div >
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< pre > < code class = "c" > #include < stdio.h>
#include < stdlib.h>
#include < stdint.h>
struct wavfile
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{
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char id[4]; // should always contain "RIFF"
int totallength; // total file length minus 8
char wavefmt[8]; // should be "WAVEfmt "
int format; // 16 for PCM format
short pcm; // 1 for PCM format
short channels; // channels
int frequency; // sampling frequency
int bytes_per_second;
short bytes_by_capture;
short bits_per_sample;
char data[4]; // should always contain "data"
int bytes_in_data;
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};
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int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
char *filename=argv[1];
FILE *wav = fopen(filename,"rb");
struct wavfile header;
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if ( wav == NULL ) {
fprintf(stderr,"Can't open input file %s", filename);
exit(1);
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}
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// read header
if ( fread(& header,sizeof(header),1,wav) < 1 )
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{
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fprintf(stderr,"Can't read file header\n");
exit(1);
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}
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if ( header.id[0] != 'R'
|| header.id[1] != 'I'
|| header.id[2] != 'F'
|| header.id[3] != 'F' ) {
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: Not wav format\n");
exit(1);
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}
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fprintf(stderr,"wav format\n");
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// read data
long sum=0;
short value=0;
while( fread(& value,sizeof(value),1,wav) ) {
// fprintf(stderr,"%d\n", value);
if (value< 0) { value=-value; }
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sum += value;
}
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printf("%ld\n",sum);
exit(0);
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}
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Of course it is only a hack.
But we can see how easy and clean it should be to improve.
As I say often: the right tool for your need instead of the same tool for all your needs.
Because here < code > C< / code > is clearly far superior than Ruby to handle this simple tasks.< / p >
< p > I am curious to know if somebody know a nice way to do this with Ruby or Python.< / p >
< p > < em > edit: for compatibility reasons (64bit machines) used < code > int16_t< / code > instead of < code > short< / code > and < code > int< / code > instead of < code > int< / code > .< / em > < / p >
< div class = "intro" >
< p > Edit (2): after most consideration about portability I made an < em > hopefully< / em > more portable version.
But I must confess this task was a bit tedious.
The code remain as readable as before.
But I had to use some compiler specific declaration to force the structure to be packed:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "c" > __attribute__((__packed__))
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Therefore this implementation should for big and little endian architecture.
However, it must be compiled with < code > gcc< / code > .
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The new code make more tests but still don’ t use < code > mmap< / code > .
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Here it is:< / p >
< / div >
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< div class = "codefile" > < a href = "/Scratch/en/blog/2010-10-14-Fun-with-wav/code/wavsum2.c" > ➥ wavsum2.c< / a > < / div >
< pre > < code class = "c" > #include < stdio.h>
#include < stdlib.h>
#include < string.h> // for memcmp
#include < stdint.h> // for int16_t and int32_t
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struct wavfile
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{
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char id[4]; // should always contain "RIFF"
int32_t totallength; // total file length minus 8
char wavefmt[8]; // should be "WAVEfmt "
int32_t format; // 16 for PCM format
int16_t pcm; // 1 for PCM format
int16_t channels; // channels
int32_t frequency; // sampling frequency
int32_t bytes_per_second;
int16_t bytes_by_capture;
int16_t bits_per_sample;
char data[4]; // should always contain "data"
int32_t bytes_in_data;
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} __attribute__((__packed__));
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int is_big_endian(void) {
union {
uint32_t i;
char c[4];
} bint = {0x01000000};
return bint.c[0]==1;
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}
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int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
char *filename=argv[1];
FILE *wav = fopen(filename,"rb");
struct wavfile header;
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if ( wav == NULL ) {
fprintf(stderr,"Can't open input file %s\n", filename);
exit(1);
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}
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// read header
if ( fread(& header,sizeof(header),1,wav) < 1 ) {
fprintf(stderr,"Can't read input file header %s\n", filename);
exit(1);
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}
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// if wav file isn't the same endianness than the current environment
// we quit
if ( is_big_endian() ) {
if ( memcmp( header.id,"RIFX", 4) != 0 ) {
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: %s is not a big endian wav file\n", filename);
exit(1);
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}
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} else {
if ( memcmp( header.id,"RIFF", 4) != 0 ) {
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: %s is not a little endian wav file\n", filename);
exit(1);
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}
}
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if ( memcmp( header.wavefmt, "WAVEfmt ", 8) != 0
|| memcmp( header.data, "data", 4) != 0
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) {
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fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: Not wav format\n");
exit(1);
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}
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if (header.format != 16) {
fprintf(stderr,"\nERROR: not 16 bit wav format.");
exit(1);
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}
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fprintf(stderr,"format: %d bits", header.format);
if (header.format == 16) {
fprintf(stderr,", PCM");
} else {
fprintf(stderr,", not PCM (%d)", header.format);
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}
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if (header.pcm == 1) {
fprintf(stderr, " uncompressed" );
} else {
fprintf(stderr, " compressed" );
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}
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fprintf(stderr,", channel %d", header.pcm);
fprintf(stderr,", freq %d", header.frequency );
fprintf(stderr,", %d bytes per sec", header.bytes_per_second );
fprintf(stderr,", %d bytes by capture", header.bytes_by_capture );
fprintf(stderr,", %d bits per sample", header.bytes_by_capture );
fprintf(stderr,"\n" );
if ( memcmp( header.data, "data", 4) != 0 ) {
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: Prrroblem?\n");
exit(1);
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}
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fprintf(stderr,"wav format\n");
// read data
long long sum=0;
int16_t value;
int i=0;
fprintf(stderr,"---\n", value);
while( fread(& value,sizeof(value),1,wav) ) {
if (value< 0) { value=-value; }
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sum += value;
}
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printf("%lld\n",sum);
exit(0);
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}
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > < em > Edit(3)< / em > :
On < a href = "http://reddit.com" > reddit< / a >
< a href = "http://www.reddit.com/user/Bogdanp" > Bogdanp< / a >
proposed a Python version:< / p >
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< div class = "codefile" > < a href = "/Scratch/en/blog/2010-10-14-Fun-with-wav/code/wavsum.py" > ➥ wavsum.py< / a > < / div >
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< pre > < code class = "python" > #!/usr/bin/env python
from struct import calcsize, unpack
from sys import argv, exit
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def word_iter(f):
while True:
_bytes = f.read(2)
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if len(_bytes) != 2:
raise StopIteration
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yield unpack("=h", _bytes)[0]
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try:
with open(argv[1], "rb") as f:
wav = "=4ci8cihhiihh4ci"
wav_size = calcsize(wav)
metadata = unpack(wav, f.read(wav_size))
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if "".join(metadata[:4]) != "RIFF":
print "error: not wav file."
exit(1)
print sum(abs(word) for word in word_iter(f))
except IOError:
print "error: can't open input file '%s'." % argv[1]
exit(1)
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > and < a href = "http://www.reddit.com/user/luikore" > luikore< / a >
proposed an impressive Ruby version:< / p >
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< div class = "codefile" > < a href = "/Scratch/en/blog/2010-10-14-Fun-with-wav/code/wavsum.rb" > ➥ wavsum.rb< / a > < / div >
< pre > < code class = "ruby" > data = ARGF.read
keys = %w[id totallength wavefmt format
pcm channels frequency bytes_per_second
bytes_by_capture bits_per_sample
data bytes_in_data sum
]
values = data.unpack 'Z4 i Z8 i s s i i s s Z4 i s*'
sum = values.drop(12).map(& :abs).inject(:+)
keys.zip(values.take(12) < < sum) {|k, v|
puts "#{k.ljust 17}: #{v}"
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}
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2011-04-20 12:29:01 +00:00
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2011-04-20 13:56:52 +00:00
< a href = "/Scratch/en/blog/2010-10-26-LaTeX-like-macro-and-markdown/" > LaTeX like macro for markdown < span class = "nicer" > »< / span > < / a >
2011-04-20 12:29:01 +00:00
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2011-04-20 13:56:52 +00:00
< a href = "/Scratch/en/blog/2011-01-03-Happy-New-Year/" > Happy New Year < span class = "nicer" > »< / span > < / a >
2011-04-20 12:29:01 +00:00
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2011-04-20 13:56:52 +00:00
< a href = "/Scratch/en/blog/2011-01-03-Why-I-sadly-won-t-use-coffeescript/" > Why I won't use CoffeeScript (sadly) < span class = "nicer" > »< / span > < / a >
2011-04-20 12:29:01 +00:00
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2012-04-02 21:43:39 +00:00
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2012-04-10 13:56:34 +00:00
< a href = "https://twitter.com/yogsototh" > Follow @yogsototh< / a >
2012-04-02 21:43:39 +00:00
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< a rel = "license" href = "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" > Copyright ©, Yann Esposito< / a >
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Created: 10/14/2010
2011-11-16 12:32:11 +00:00
Modified: 11/16/2011
2011-04-20 12:29:01 +00:00
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Entirely done with
< a href = "http://www.vim.org" > Vim< / a >
and
< a href = "http://nanoc.stoneship.org" > nanoc< / a >
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