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Deploying Libraries
Getting your library into Clojars is fairly straightforward as is documented near the end of the Leiningen tutorial. However, deploying is not always as straightforward as the process described there.
Clojars Forks
Sometimes you'll need to publish libraries that you don't directly maintain, either because the original maintainer hasn't published it or because you need some bugfixes that haven't been applied upstream yet. Don't do this if it's at all possible to get the upstream project to release a snapshot somewhere with the changes you need, but in some cases it's unavoidable.
In this case you don't want to publish it under its original group-id, since either you won't have permission to do so (if it's already on Clojars) or it will conflict with the same artifact on other repositories. You should use "org.clojars.$USERNAME" as the group-id instead.
If it's a Clojure project that already has a project.clj file, it's easy enough to just follow the regular lein jar, pom; scp [...] path. If you don't have a readily-available pom, you can create a dummy project with lein new. Edit project.clj to include your org.clojars.$USERNAME group-id, the project's original artifact name, and the version. Then you can use the output from lein pom to upload to clojars.
Private Repositories
There may be times when you want to make a library available to your team without making it public. This is best done by setting up a private Maven repository. Both Archiva and Nexus will allow you to set up private, password-protected repositories. These also provide proxying to other repositories, so you can set :omit-default-repositories in project.clj, and dependency downloads will speed up by quite a bit with only one server to check.
The private server will need to be added to the :repositories listing in project.clj. Archiva and Nexus offer separate repositories for snapshots and releases, so you'll want two entries for them:
:repositories {"snapshots" {:url "http://blueant.com/archiva/snapshots"
:username "milgrim" :password "locative.1"}
"releases" "http://blueant.com/archiva/internal"}
Private repositories need authentication credentials. You'll need to provide either a :username/:password combination or a :private-key location with or without a :passphrase. If you want to avoid putting sensitive information into your project.clj file as in the releases entry above, you can store authentication information in ~/.lein/init.clj as a leiningen-auth map keyed off the repository's URL:
(def leiningen-auth {"http://localhost:8080/archiva/repository/internal/"
{:username "milgrim" :password "locative.2"}})
This also allows different users using the same checkout to upload using different credentials.
Once you've set up a private repository and configured project.clj appropriately, you can deploy to it:
$ lein deploy
If the project's current version is a SNAPSHOT, it will deploy to the snapshots repository; otherwise it will go to releases. The deploy task also takes a repository name as an argument that will be looked up in the :repositories map if you want to override this.