elm/libraries/Graphics/Collage.elm

module Graphics.Collage where

{-| The collage API is for freeform graphics. You can move, rotate, scale, etc.
all sorts of forms including lines, shapes, images, and elements.

# Unstructured Graphics
@docs collage
 
# Creating Forms
@docs toForm, filled, textured, gradient, outlined, traced
 
# Transforming Forms
@docs move, moveX, moveY, scale, rotate, alpha
 
# Grouping Forms
Grouping forms makes it easier to write modular graphics code. You can create
a form that is a composite of many subforms. From there it is easy to transform
it as a single unit.

@docs group, groupTransform
 
# Shapes
@docs rect, oval, square, circle, ngon, polygon

# Paths
@docs segment, path
 
# Line Styles
@docs solid, dashed, dotted, LineStyle, LineCap, LineJoin, defaultLine

-}

import open Basics
import List
import Either (Either, Left, Right)
import Transform2D (Transform2D, identity)
import Native.Graphics.Collage
import Graphics.Element (Element)
import Color (Color, black, Gradient)
import Maybe (Maybe)
import JavaScript (JSString)

type Form = {
  theta : Float,
  scale : Float,
  x : Float,
  y : Float,
  alpha : Float,
  form : BasicForm
 }

data FillStyle
  = Solid Color
  | Texture String
  | Grad Gradient

{-| The shape of the ends of a line. -}
data LineCap = Flat | Round | Padded

{-| The shape of the “joints” of a line, where each line segment
meets. `Sharp` takes an argument to limit the length of the joint. This
defaults to 10.
-}
data LineJoin = Smooth | Sharp Float | Clipped

{-| All of the attributes of a line style. This lets you build up a line style
however you want. You can also update existing line styles with record updates.
-}
type LineStyle = {
  color : Color,
  width : Float,
  cap   : LineCap,
  join  : LineJoin,
  dashing    : [Int],
  dashOffset : Int
 }

{-| The default line style, which is solid black with flat caps and sharp joints.
You can use record updates to build the line style you
want. For example, to make a thicker line, you could say:

        { defaultLine | width <- 10 }
-}
defaultLine : LineStyle
defaultLine = {
  color = black,
  width = 1,
  cap   = Flat,
  join  = Sharp 10,
  dashing = [],
  dashOffset = 0
 }

{-| Create a solid line style with a given color. -}
solid : Color -> LineStyle
solid  clr = { defaultLine | color <- clr }

{-| Create a dashed line style with a given color. Dashing equals `[8,4]`. -}
dashed : Color -> LineStyle
dashed clr = { defaultLine | color <- clr, dashing <- [8,4] }

{-| Create a dotted line style with a given color. Dashing equals `[3,3]`. -}
dotted : Color -> LineStyle
dotted clr = { defaultLine | color <- clr, dashing <- [3,3] }

data BasicForm
  = FPath LineStyle Path
  | FShape (Either LineStyle FillStyle) Shape
  | FImage Int Int (Int,Int) String
  | FElement Element
  | FGroup Transform2D [Form]

form : BasicForm -> Form
form f = { theta=0, scale=1, x=0, y=0, alpha=1, form=f }

fill style shape = form (FShape (Right style) shape)

{-| Create a filled in shape. -}
filled : Color -> Shape -> Form
filled color shape = fill (Solid color) shape

{-| Create a textured shape. The texture is described by some url and is
tiled to fill the entire shape.
-}
textured : String -> Shape -> Form
textured src shape = fill (Texture src) shape

{-| Fill a shape with a [gradient](/docs/Color.elm#linear). -}
gradient : Gradient -> Shape -> Form
gradient grad shape = fill (Grad grad) shape

{-| Outline a shape with a given line style. -}
outlined : LineStyle -> Shape -> Form
outlined style shape = form (FShape (Left style) shape)

{-| Trace a path with a given line style. -}
traced : LineStyle -> Path -> Form
traced style path = form (FPath style path)

{-| Create a sprite from a sprite sheet. It cuts out a rectangle
at a given position.
-}
sprite : Int -> Int -> (Int,Int) -> String -> Form
sprite w h pos src = form (FImage w h pos src)

{-| Turn any `Element` into a `Form`. This lets you use text, gifs, and video
in your collage. This means you can move, rotate, and scale
an `Element` however you want.
-}
toForm : Element -> Form
toForm e = form (FElement e)

{-| Flatten many forms into a single `Form`. This lets you move and rotate them
as a single unit, making it possible to build small, modular components.
-}
group : [Form] -> Form
group fs = form (FGroup identity fs)

{-| Flatten many forms into a single `Form` and then apply a matrix
transformation.
-}
groupTransform : Transform2D -> [Form] -> Form
groupTransform matrix fs = form (FGroup matrix fs)

{-| Rotate a form by a given angle. Rotate takes standard Elm angles (radians)
and turns things counterclockwise. So to turn `form` 30&deg; to the left
you would say, `(rotate (degrees 30) form)`.
-}
rotate : number -> Form -> Form
rotate t f = { f | theta <- f.theta + t }

{-| Scale a form by a given factor. Scaling by 2 doubles the size.
-}
scale : number -> Form -> Form
scale s f = { f | scale <- f.scale * s }

{-| Move a form by the given amount. This is a relative translation so
`(move (10,10) form)` would move `form` ten pixels up and ten pixels to the
right.
-}
move : (number,number) -> Form -> Form
move (x,y) f = { f | x <- f.x + x, y <- f.y + y }

{-| Move a shape in the x direction. This is relative so `(moveX 10 form)` moves
`form` 10 pixels to the right.
-}
moveX : number -> Form -> Form
moveX x f = { f | x <- f.x + x }

{-| Move a shape in the y direction. This is relative so `(moveY 10 form)` moves
`form` upwards by 10 pixels.
-}
moveY : number -> Form -> Form
moveY y f = { f | y <- f.y + y }

{-| Set the alpha of a `Form`. The default is 1, and 0 is totally transparent. -}
alpha : Float -> Form -> Form
alpha a f = { f | alpha <- a }

{-| A collage is a collection of 2D forms. There are no strict positioning
relationships between forms, so you are free to do all kinds of 2D graphics.
-}
collage : Int -> Int -> [Form] -> Element
collage = Native.Graphics.Collage.collage


type Path = [(Float,Float)]

{-| Create a path that follows a sequence of points. -}
path : [(Float,Float)] -> Path
path ps = ps

{-| Create a path along a given line segment. -}
segment : (Float,Float) -> (Float,Float) -> Path
segment p1 p2 = [p1,p2]

type Shape = [(Float,Float)]

{-| Create an arbitrary polygon by specifying its corners in order.
`polygon` will automatically close all shapes, so the given list
of points does not need to start and end with the same position.
-}
polygon : [(Float,Float)] -> Shape
polygon points = points

{-| A rectangle with a given width and height. -}
rect : Float -> Float -> Shape
rect w h = let hw = w/2
               hh = h/2
           in  [ (0-hw,0-hh), (0-hw,hh), (hw,hh), (hw,0-hh) ]

{-| A square with a given edge length. -}
square : Float -> Shape
square n = rect n n

{-| An oval with a given width and height. -}
oval : Float -> Float -> Shape
oval w h =
  let n = 50
      t = 2 * pi / n
      hw = w/2
      hh = h/2
      f i = (hw * cos (t*i), hh * sin (t*i))
  in  List.map f [0..n-1]

{-| A circle with a given radius. -}
circle : Float -> Shape
circle r = oval (2*r) (2*r)

{-| A regular polygon with N sides. The first argument specifies the number
of sides and the second is the radius. So to create a pentagon with radius
30 you would say:

        ngon 5 30
-}
ngon : Int -> Float -> Shape
ngon n r =
  let m = toFloat n
      t = 2 * pi / m
      f i = ( r * cos (t*i), r * sin (t*i) )
  in  List.map f [0..m-1]