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<a href="/Scratch/en/blog/2010-05-19-How-to-cut-HTML-and-repair-it/" onclick="setLanguage('en')">in English</a>
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<h1>
Comment réparer un XML coupé ?
</h1>
<h2>
et comment s'en sortir sans parseur ?
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<p>Sur ma page daccueil vous pouvez voir la liste des mes derniers articles avec le début de ceux-ci. Pour arriver à faire ça, jai besoin de couper le code XHTML de mes pages en plein milieu. Il ma donc fallu trouver un moyen de les réparer.</p>
<p>Prenons un exemple&nbsp;:</p>
<pre class="twilight">
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span> <span class="MetaTagAll">class</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>corps<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span> <span class="MetaTagAll">class</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>intro<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>Introduction<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>The first paragraph<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagInline"><span class="MetaTagInline">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagInline">img</span> <span class="MetaTagInline">src</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>/img/img.png<span class="String">&quot;</span></span> <span class="MetaTagInline">alt</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>an image<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>/<span class="MetaTagInline">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>Another long paragraph<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
</pre>
<p>Après avoir coupé, jobtiens&nbsp;:</p>
<pre class="twilight">
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span> <span class="MetaTagAll">class</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>corps<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span> <span class="MetaTagAll">class</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>intro<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>Introduction<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>The first paragraph<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagInline"><span class="MetaTagInline">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagInline">img</span> <span class="MetaTagInline">src</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>/img/im</span></span>
</pre>
<p>En plein milieu dun tag <code>&lt;img&gt;</code>&nbsp;!</p>
<p>En réalité, ce nest pas si difficile que celà peut paraître au premier abord. Le secret réside dans le fait de comprendre que lon na pas besoin de conserver la structure complète de larbre pour le réparer, mais seulement la liste des parents non fermés.</p>
<p>Pour notre exemple, juste après le paragraphe <code>first paragraph</code> nous navons quà fermer un <code>div</code> pour la classe <code>corps</code> et le XML est réparé. Bien entendu, quand on est dans le cas où un tag est coupé au milieu, on a quà remonté juste avant le début de ce tag corrompu.</p>
<p>Donc, tout ce que nous avons à faire, cest denregistrer la liste des parents dans une pile. Supposons que nous traitions le premier exemple complètement. La pile passera par les états suivants&nbsp;:</p>
<pre class="twilight">
[]
[div] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span> <span class="MetaTagAll">class</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>corps<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
[div, div] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span> <span class="MetaTagAll">class</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>intro<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
[div, div, p] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
Introduction
[div, div] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
[div] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
[div, p] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
The first paragraph
[div] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
[div] <span class="MetaTagInline"><span class="MetaTagInline">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagInline">img</span> <span class="MetaTagInline">src</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>/img/img.png<span class="String">&quot;</span></span> <span class="MetaTagInline">alt</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>an image<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>/<span class="MetaTagInline">&gt;</span></span>
[div, p] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
Another long paragraph
[div] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
[] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
</pre>
<p>Lalgorithme est alors très simple&nbsp;:
&lt;pre class="twilight"&gt;
let res be the XML as a string&nbsp;;
read res and each time you encouter a tag:
if it is an opening one:
push it to the stack
else if it is a closing one:
pop the stack.</p>
<p>remove any malformed/cutted tag in the end of res
for each tag in the stack, pop it, and write:
res = res + closed tag</p>
<p>return res
&lt;/pre&gt;</p>
<p>Et <code>res</code> contiend le XML réparé.</p>
<p>Finallement, voici le code en ruby que jutilise. La variable <code>xml</code> contient le XML coupé.</p>
<div class="code"><div class="file"><a href="/Scratch/fr/blog/2010-05-19-How-to-cut-HTML-and-repair-it/code/repair_xml.rb"> &#x27A5; repair_xml.rb </a></div><div class="withfile">
<pre class="twilight">
<span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> repair cutted XML code by closing the tags</span>
<span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> work even if the XML is cut into a tag.</span>
<span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> example:</span>
<span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> transform '&lt;div&gt; &lt;span&gt; toto &lt;/span&gt; &lt;p&gt; hello &lt;a href=&quot;http://tur'</span>
<span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> into '&lt;div&gt; &lt;span&gt; toto &lt;/span&gt; &lt;p&gt; hello &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;'</span>
<span class="Keyword">def</span> <span class="Entity">repair_xml</span>(<span class="Variable"> xml </span>)
parents<span class="Keyword">=</span>[]
depth<span class="Keyword">=</span><span class="Constant">0</span>
xml.<span class="Entity">scan</span>( <span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">%r{</span>&lt;<span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">(</span>/?<span class="StringRegexp">)</span></span><span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">(</span><span class="StringRegexpSpecial">\w</span>*<span class="StringRegexp">)</span></span><span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">[</span>^&gt;<span class="StringRegexp">]</span></span>*<span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">(</span>/?<span class="StringRegexp">)</span></span>&gt;<span class="StringRegexp">}</span></span> ).<span class="Entity">each</span> <span class="Keyword">do </span>|<span class="Variable">m</span>|
<span class="Keyword">if</span> m[<span class="Constant">2</span>] <span class="Keyword">==</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>/<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="Keyword">next</span>
<span class="Keyword">end</span>
<span class="Keyword">if</span> m[<span class="Constant">0</span>] <span class="Keyword">==</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span><span class="String">&quot;</span></span>
parents[depth]<span class="Keyword">=</span>m[<span class="Constant">1</span>]
depth<span class="Keyword">+=</span><span class="Constant">1</span>
<span class="Keyword">else</span>
depth<span class="Keyword">-=</span><span class="Constant">1</span>
<span class="Keyword">end</span>
<span class="Keyword">end</span>
res<span class="Keyword">=</span>xml.<span class="Entity">sub</span>(<span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">/</span></span><span class="StringRegexp">&lt;<span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">[</span>^&gt;<span class="StringRegexp">]</span></span>*$</span><span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">/m</span></span>,<span class="String"><span class="String">'</span><span class="String">'</span></span>)
depth<span class="Keyword">-=</span><span class="Constant">1</span>
depth.<span class="Entity">downto</span>(<span class="Constant">0</span>).<span class="Entity">each</span> { |<span class="Variable">x</span>| res<span class="Keyword">&lt;&lt;=</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">%{</span>&lt;/<span class="StringEmbeddedSource"><span class="StringEmbeddedSource">#{</span>parents<span class="StringEmbeddedSource">[</span>x<span class="StringEmbeddedSource">]</span><span class="StringEmbeddedSource">}</span></span>&gt;<span class="String">}</span></span> }
res
<span class="Keyword">end</span>
</pre>
</div></div>
<p>Je ne sais pas si ce code pourra vous être utile. Par contre le raisonnement pour y parvenir mérite dêtre connu.</p>
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