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Yann Esposito (Yogsototh) 57d77cd030 Regen complete
2012-04-02 23:43:39 +02:00

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<h1>
Comment réparer un XML coupé ?
</h1>
<h2>
et comment s'en sortir sans parseur ?
</h2>
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<p>Sur ma page d&rsquo;accueil vous pouvez voir la liste des mes derniers articles avec le début de ceux-ci. Pour arriver à faire ça, j&rsquo;ai besoin de couper le code XHTML de mes pages en plein milieu. Il m&rsquo;a donc fallu trouver un moyen de les réparer.</p>
<p>Prenons un exemple&nbsp;:</p>
<pre class="twilight">
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span> <span class="MetaTagAll">class</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>corps<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span> <span class="MetaTagAll">class</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>intro<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>Introduction<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>The first paragraph<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagInline"><span class="MetaTagInline">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagInline">img</span> <span class="MetaTagInline">src</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>/img/img.png<span class="String">&quot;</span></span> <span class="MetaTagInline">alt</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>an image<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>/<span class="MetaTagInline">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>Another long paragraph<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
</pre>
<p>Après avoir coupé, j&rsquo;obtiens&nbsp;:</p>
<pre class="twilight">
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span> <span class="MetaTagAll">class</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>corps<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span> <span class="MetaTagAll">class</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>intro<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>Introduction<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>The first paragraph<span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="MetaTagInline"><span class="MetaTagInline">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagInline">img</span> <span class="MetaTagInline">src</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>/img/im</span></span>
</pre>
<p>En plein milieu d&rsquo;un tag <code>&lt;img&gt;</code>&nbsp;!</p>
<p>En réalité, ce n&rsquo;est pas si difficile que celà peut paraître au premier abord. Le secret réside dans le fait de comprendre que l&rsquo;on n&rsquo;a pas besoin de conserver la structure complète de l&rsquo;arbre pour le réparer, mais seulement la liste des parents non fermés.</p>
<p>Pour notre exemple, juste après le paragraphe <code>first paragraph</code> nous n&rsquo;avons qu&rsquo;à fermer un <code>div</code> pour la classe <code>corps</code> et le XML est réparé. Bien entendu, quand on est dans le cas où un tag est coupé au milieu, on a qu&rsquo;à remonté juste avant le début de ce tag corrompu.</p>
<p>Donc, tout ce que nous avons à faire, c&rsquo;est d&rsquo;enregistrer la liste des parents dans une pile. Supposons que nous traitions le premier exemple complètement. La pile passera par les états suivants&nbsp;:</p>
<pre class="twilight">
[]
[div] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span> <span class="MetaTagAll">class</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>corps<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
[div, div] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span> <span class="MetaTagAll">class</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>intro<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
[div, div, p] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
Introduction
[div, div] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
[div] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
[div, p] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
The first paragraph
[div] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
[div] <span class="MetaTagInline"><span class="MetaTagInline">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagInline">img</span> <span class="MetaTagInline">src</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>/img/img.png<span class="String">&quot;</span></span> <span class="MetaTagInline">alt</span>=<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>an image<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>/<span class="MetaTagInline">&gt;</span></span>
[div, p] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
Another long paragraph
[div] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">p</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
[] <span class="MetaTagAll"><span class="MetaTagAll">&lt;/</span><span class="MetaTagAll">div</span><span class="MetaTagAll">&gt;</span></span>
</pre>
<p>L&rsquo;algorithme est alors très simple&nbsp;:
&lt;pre class="twilight"&gt;
let res be the XML as a string&nbsp;;
read res and each time you encouter a tag:
if it is an opening one:
push it to the stack
else if it is a closing one:
pop the stack.</p>
<p>remove any malformed/cutted tag in the end of res
for each tag in the stack, pop it, and write:
res = res + closed tag</p>
<p>return res
&lt;/pre&gt;</p>
<p>Et <code>res</code> contiend le XML réparé.</p>
<p>Finallement, voici le code en ruby que j&rsquo;utilise. La variable <code>xml</code> contient le XML coupé.</p>
<div class="code"><div class="file"><a href="/Scratch/fr/blog/2010-05-19-How-to-cut-HTML-and-repair-it/code/repair_xml.rb"> &#x27A5; repair_xml.rb </a></div><div class="withfile">
<pre class="twilight">
<span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> repair cutted XML code by closing the tags</span>
<span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> work even if the XML is cut into a tag.</span>
<span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> example:</span>
<span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> transform '&lt;div&gt; &lt;span&gt; toto &lt;/span&gt; &lt;p&gt; hello &lt;a href=&quot;http://tur'</span>
<span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> into '&lt;div&gt; &lt;span&gt; toto &lt;/span&gt; &lt;p&gt; hello &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;'</span>
<span class="Keyword">def</span> <span class="Entity">repair_xml</span>(<span class="Variable"> xml </span>)
parents<span class="Keyword">=</span>[]
depth<span class="Keyword">=</span><span class="Constant">0</span>
xml.<span class="Entity">scan</span>( <span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">%r{</span>&lt;<span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">(</span>/?<span class="StringRegexp">)</span></span><span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">(</span><span class="StringRegexpSpecial">\w</span>*<span class="StringRegexp">)</span></span><span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">[</span>^&gt;<span class="StringRegexp">]</span></span>*<span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">(</span>/?<span class="StringRegexp">)</span></span>&gt;<span class="StringRegexp">}</span></span> ).<span class="Entity">each</span> <span class="Keyword">do </span>|<span class="Variable">m</span>|
<span class="Keyword">if</span> m[<span class="Constant">2</span>] <span class="Keyword">==</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>/<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="Keyword">next</span>
<span class="Keyword">end</span>
<span class="Keyword">if</span> m[<span class="Constant">0</span>] <span class="Keyword">==</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span><span class="String">&quot;</span></span>
parents[depth]<span class="Keyword">=</span>m[<span class="Constant">1</span>]
depth<span class="Keyword">+=</span><span class="Constant">1</span>
<span class="Keyword">else</span>
depth<span class="Keyword">-=</span><span class="Constant">1</span>
<span class="Keyword">end</span>
<span class="Keyword">end</span>
res<span class="Keyword">=</span>xml.<span class="Entity">sub</span>(<span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">/</span></span><span class="StringRegexp">&lt;<span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">[</span>^&gt;<span class="StringRegexp">]</span></span>*$</span><span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">/m</span></span>,<span class="String"><span class="String">'</span><span class="String">'</span></span>)
depth<span class="Keyword">-=</span><span class="Constant">1</span>
depth.<span class="Entity">downto</span>(<span class="Constant">0</span>).<span class="Entity">each</span> { |<span class="Variable">x</span>| res<span class="Keyword">&lt;&lt;=</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">%{</span>&lt;/<span class="StringEmbeddedSource"><span class="StringEmbeddedSource">#{</span>parents<span class="StringEmbeddedSource">[</span>x<span class="StringEmbeddedSource">]</span><span class="StringEmbeddedSource">}</span></span>&gt;<span class="String">}</span></span> }
res
<span class="Keyword">end</span>
</pre>
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<p>Je ne sais pas si ce code pourra vous être utile. Par contre le raisonnement pour y parvenir mérite d&rsquo;être connu.</p>
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Écrit le : 19/05/2010
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