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<a href="/Scratch/fr/blog/programming-language-experience/" onclick="setLanguage('fr')">en Français</a>
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<div id="titre">
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<h1>
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Programming Language Experience
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</h1>
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<div id="afterheader">
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<div class="corps">
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<p><img alt="Title image" src="/Scratch/img/blog/programming-language-experience/dragon.jpg" /></p>
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<div class="intro">
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<span class="sc"><abbr title="Too long; didn't read">tl;dr</abbr>: </span> My short and higly subjective feelings about programming languages I used.
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</div>
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<h3 id="basic"><code>BASIC</code></h3>
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<p><img alt="Title image" src="/Scratch/img/blog/programming-language-experience/basic.gif" class="left" />
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The language of my firsts programs!
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I was about 10, with an <code>MO5</code> and <code>Amstrad CPC 6128</code> and even with my <code>Atari STe</code>.
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This is the language of <code>GOTO</code>s.
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Ô nostalgia.
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Unfortunately this might be the only interesting part of this language.</p>
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<p>Today this language is obsolescent.
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It is not even good to learn programming.
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I know some compiler exists now.
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But this is not enough to try to learn it.</p>
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<pre class="twilight">
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READY
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10 PRINT <span class="String"><span class="String">"</span>HELLO WORLD!<span class="String">"</span></span>
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20 GOTO 10
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RUN
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</pre>
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<p>I also remember I copied some game source code from some magazine.
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Most lines were like:</p>
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<pre class="twilight">
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3110 DATA FA,01,FF,FF,FF,FF,00,23,22,43,DA,DE,EE,FF,FF,FF,00,03,4A,F2
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</pre>
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<p>What a pleasure!</p>
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<h3 id="logo">Logo</h3>
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<p><img alt="Dragon fractal" src="/Scratch/img/blog/programming-language-experience/dragon.jpg" class="left" />
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I was about 10 when I played with logo to draw on the computer.</p>
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<p>I remember the Bach’s music while the program loaded.</p>
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<p>At that time we had to load the program into the memory using tapes.
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This one was a rare one. It didn’t made an awfull ‘Krrrkrr cssssss krrr’ noise.</p>
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<p>Some years after, I used it to learn programming to my college student.
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It was really good as a first language.
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Making fractals is like a game for children.</p>
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<p>Here is an example of code. It draws the dragon fractal.</p>
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<pre class="twilight">
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HIDETURTLE
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PENUP
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SETXY -200 0
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RIGHT 90
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PENDOWN
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to dragon :degree :size
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setpensize 1
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<span class="Keyword">if</span> :size<span class="Keyword">></span>5 [setpensize 2]
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<span class="Keyword">if</span> :size<span class="Keyword">></span>10 [setpensize 3]
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<span class="Keyword">if</span> :size<span class="Keyword">></span>20 [setpensize 4]
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<span class="Keyword">if</span> :size<span class="Keyword">></span>40 [setpensize 5]
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ifelse :degree=0 [
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fd :size
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][
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left 45 dragon (:degree-1) (size/4)
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right 90 dragon (:degree-1) (size/2)
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left 90 dragon (:degree-1) (size/4)
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right 45
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]
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end
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dragon 6 3000
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</pre>
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<h3 id="pascal">Pascal</h3>
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<p>The always second.</p>
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<p>I made my firsts real serious program with Pascal.
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I must confess I find it inferior to C.
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I made graph algorithms, sort algorithms even some IA (genetic) algorithms.
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In the end I prefer C.</p>
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<h3 id="c">C</h3>
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<p><img alt="Pointer representation from Dancing links" src="/Scratch/img/blog/programming-language-experience/C.jpg" class="left" /></p>
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<p>The pointer’s language.</p>
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<p><em>Le</em> programming language.</p>
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<p>Once you understand loops and recursivity.
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It is time to make things serious.
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If you want to have good quality code, knowing C is almost mandatory.</p>
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<p>This language is close to machine language.
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So much, there is (mostly) a linear relation between the size of your code and the size of the compiled one.</p>
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<p>In short, each time you write a C instruction there won’t be anything strange that will occurs, like starting a long algorithm behind the scene.</p>
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<p>It is very close to the machine while keeping sufficient abstractions to be fun.</p>
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<p>I made a lot of program with it.
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From sort algorithms to AI ones (SAT3), system, network prgramming, etc…
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It is a very useful language that will help you understand how things works on your computer.
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Most modern computer language hide a lot of informations on what occurs.
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This is not the case with C.</p>
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<h3 id="ada">ADA</h3>
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<p>The super-clean one.</p>
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<p>I liked ADA. I must confess I didn’t used it a lot.
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May be one day I will try it again.
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I was impressed by asynchronous programming with it.
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What you need to know is this old language had certainly inspired most new object oriented languages.</p>
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<h2 id="object-oriented-languages">Object Oriented Languages</h2>
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<p>Until here I just described imperative languages without any object notion.</p>
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<p>More clearly, the language didn’t helped you to structure your program.</p>
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<p>In order to limit the number of bugs, particularly for huge programs, we started to think about how to organize computer programs.
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In the end, from the imperatives language culture, it produced the Object Oriented programming (OOP).
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Beware, the Object Oriented programming isn’t a miracle. Proof? How many bug-free software do you use?
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Furthermore, OOP doesn’t fit all problems.
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But to make a bank application, an application which help to manage stock, clients or text archives.
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I mean an information system, the OOP is not so bad.</p>
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<p>Then Object Oriented Languages appeared everywhere.</p>
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<h3 id="c-1">C++</h3>
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<p><img alt="Messy router" src="/Scratch/img/blog/programming-language-experience/cplusplus.jpg" class="left" /></p>
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<p>The ugly</p>
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<p>Industry wanted an Object Oriented Language without losing all their old C code.
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Solution, keep C and add an Object layer on it.
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My main concern about C++ is: it do too many things.
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I appreciated multiple inheritance and templates.
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In reality I liked a lot C++ while I was working alone.
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I used it to write <code>DEES</code> my main thesis software.
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My only concern was about a lack in the <abbr title="Standard Tempate Library">STL</abbr>.
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In the doc, one could use <code>String<T></code>.
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But in reality, T have to be only <code>char</code> or <code>char16</code>.
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Then I had to reduce my alphabet to 2<sup>16</sup> letters.
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Except for some application, the alphabet must be far larger than that.</p>
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<p>To conclude, I’d say, C++ is very good if you work alone or with a fixed subset of its features.</p>
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<h3 id="eiffel">Eiffel</h3>
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<p><img alt="Eiffel tower construction" src="/Scratch/img/blog/programming-language-experience/eiffel.jpg" class="left" /></p>
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<p>Yes, it is a really nice language.
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Full object in mind. Far cleaner than C++.
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But it isn’t so popular.
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Behind C++ there is a large community to help new users and to write libraries.
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Furthermore, I preferred working with C++.
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At that time I programmed a lot with C and like its syntax.</p>
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<h3 id="java">Java</h3>
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<p><img alt="Holy Grail from the Monty Python" src="/Scratch/img/blog/programming-language-experience/grail.jpg" class="left" /></p>
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<p>The first time I heard about Java it was <em>le Grail</em>!</p>
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<p>Perfect portability, your program will work on all platform.
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There was incrusted inside the language architecture concepts to help limit mistakes, and force you to use good programming habits. But…</p>
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<p>But It is extremely verbose.
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And limitations are quite boring if you know what you’re doing.</p>
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<p>For example, there is no multiple inheritance.
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Generally it is a coherent choice when there are a way to compensate.
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In Java, there are interfaces for this.
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Except, interfaces can only add methods to a class.
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You cannot add any attribute to a class except by subclassing.
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I really lacked this feature.</p>
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<p>I made a <abbr title="Graphic User Interface">GUI</abbr> using Java Swing and I created my own notification system between different element of the <abbr title="Graphic User Interface">GUI</abbr>.
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Then, at the begining I only needed to send notification 1 to 1.
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After some times, I needed to make 1 to many notifications.
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And I add to make a bunch of copy/paste inside all my subclasses!
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Copy/paste are exactly what should be avoided the most by object oriented languages.</p>
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<p>Another thing: threads.
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I was forced to make my own thread management system to avoid locks and notifications between threads (wait the end of this thread, …).
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At that time I used Java 1.5.
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This problem should have been solved with Java 1.6.
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I wish it is the case, but lacking such an essential feature for a language was very bad.</p>
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<p>In the same idea, it was very long to wait for the foreach loops.</p>
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<p>After my experience, I don’t recommend Java.
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Portability does not worth this price.</p>
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<p><abbr title="Graphic User Interface">GUI</abbr> protability means mediocre experience on all platforms.
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Any system it might be (wxWidget, QT, etc…).</p>
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<p>The Java ideology is “closed”. But it resolve a big problem.
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It helps medium to low quality developper to work in team without the ability to make too much harm to the product.
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A good programmer will be able to make very interresting things with it thought.
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Please note I didn’t say Java programmer are bad programmer.</p>
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<h3 id="objective-c">Objective-C</h3>
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<p><img alt="Xcode Logo" src="/Scratch/img/blog/programming-language-experience/xcode_logo.png" class="left" /></p>
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<p>The language I learned and used only to make application on Apple<small>©</small> platform.
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I learned Objective-C just after Python.
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It was hard to do it.
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At first I didn’t liked the syntax and many other details.
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But it is this kind of language you like more and more you use it.
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In fact, Objective-C is a simple language, but associated with the Cocoa framework it is a really good tool.
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Cocoa is very different to other framework I used before.
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I find many of its idea extermely good.
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Both simple and efficient.
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It might seems like small details on paper, but once you start using it, it make all the difference.</p>
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<p>Even if Objective-C is a relatively low level language.
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Its dynamic typing ability make it very good for <abbr title="Graphic User Interface">GUI</abbr> programming.
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I recommand to continue working with this language.
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In the end you’ll certainely find it better than expected.</p>
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<h2 id="modern-scripting-languages">Modern Scripting Languages</h2>
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<h3 id="php">PHP</h3>
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<p><img alt="A Jacky Touch Car" src="/Scratch/img/blog/programming-language-experience/php.jpg" class="left" /></p>
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<p>This small script language that we used all to make our website in the time of animated gifs.</p>
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<p>Nice but no more. Apparently there were a lot of progress since PHP5. Maybe one day I’ll use it again. But behind it, this language has a “script kiddies only” reputation.
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Also long history of easy to make security holes.</p>
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<p>In reality PHP is just behind C for the abstraction level.
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Therefore it has a lot of organisation problems and make it easier to create bugs.
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For web applications it is a real problem.</p>
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<p>PHP remains for me the SQL injection language.
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I make a bit of PHP not so long ago, and it was a pain to protect my application to SQL injection. Yep, I didn’t found any standard library to make this, but I didn’t searched a lot.</p>
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<h3 id="python">Python</h3>
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<p><img alt="Python. Do you speak it?" src="/Scratch/img/blog/programming-language-experience/python.jpg" class="left" /></p>
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<p>Revelation!</p>
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<p>When you were used to work with compiled languages (C++, Java) and you start learning Python, it’s like a punch in the face.
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Programming like it always should have been.
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Everything is natural, it’s <em>magic</em>.
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Yes, as good as this.
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But something so good must have some drawback.</p>
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<p>And yes, like all interpreted languages, Python is <em>slow</em>.
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Beware, no just a bit slow like 2 or 3 times slower than C. (like Java for example).
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No, really slow, about 10 to 20 times slower than C.
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Argh… Note it is completely usable for many things.</p>
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<h3 id="awk">Awk</h3>
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<p>If you have to “filter” some files and the filter is not too complicated awk is the ideal language to do this.
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For example, if you want to know which words in a text file are most used.
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I used it to modify hundred of XML files in an easier manner than XSLT.</p>
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<h3 id="perl">Perl</h3>
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<p>Perl is magic, but the syntax is so hideous nobody can like to work in an environment with many different person in Perl.
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Or at least, all other collaboratos must be excellent programmers.
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But the very good feature is the integration of some perl syntax.</p>
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<pre class="twilight">
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<span class="Variable"><span class="Variable">$</span>var</span> =~ <span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp"><span class="SupportFunction">s</span>/</span>toto</span><span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp">/</span>titi<span class="StringRegexp">/</span></span><span class="StringRegexp"><span class="StringRegexp"><span class="Keyword">g</span></span></span>
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</pre>
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<p>This program will replace every toto by titi inside the <code>$var</code> variable.
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The Perl code is often very compact and usally unreadable.
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But it is a language good to know.
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It is a kind of <code>awk</code> under steroids.</p>
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<h3 id="ruby">Ruby</h3>
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<p>Ruby is a very good language. It is often compared (opposed ?) to Python.
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There are the regular expression operators Perl inside the langage.
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But the syntax is extremely clear, like in Python.
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Many feature were inspired by functionnal programming (as in Python).
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I used it a lot.
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It is the worst language I know in term of efficiency.
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This is the language that lose almost all benchmarks.
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But it is the perfect tool for prototypes.
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If you want to make a website prototype, RoR (Ruby on Rails) is certainly one of the best system known to mankind.
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From idea to realisation, few time will occur. Make this site work for thousand of people, will, on the other hand, certainly require a lot of optimisations.</p>
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<h3 id="javascript">Javascript</h3>
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<p>It is the good surprise.
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During years, javascript was considered as an annoying web experience language.
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In reality, javascript has many really good qualities.
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Particularly, it is easy to pass a function in parameter and to create anonymous functions (closures).
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Recently, javascript became far faster than before and many frameworks and libraries appears:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Cappuccino, Objective-J (as in objective-C but with javascript)</li>
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<li>Sproutcore</li>
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<li>Spine.js</li>
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<li>Backbone.js</li>
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<li>jQuery</li>
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<li>prototype.js</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Particularly with jQuery we can chain functions.
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It is very nice to use.
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As I said, this is a good surprise.
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Javascript was chosen by chance as the script inside your navigator.
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Instead of the java inspired syntax, everything else is very good.
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In order to compensate the syntax, you can use CoffeScript.</p>
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<h2 id="functional-languages">Functional Languages</h2>
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<h3 id="caml">CamL</h3>
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<p>I learned CamL during the college.
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It was really interresting.
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Functional programming is very different to imperative programming (most of popular languages).
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I had good mathematic intuitions to use this language.
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But I must confess I never used it for something serious.</p>
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<h3 id="haskell">Haskell</h3>
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<p>I am still learning this language.
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I must say it is a pleasure.
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Generally it takes me no more than some hours to some days to learn a new programming language.
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Concerning haskell, this is very different.
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To master haskell you need to understand very hard concepts.
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Monads and Arrows are some of them.
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I didn’t understand them before I read some scientific paper.
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Many week will be necessary to master it perfectly (if someone does).
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Also the community is very friendly and nice. There is no “LOL! URAN00B! RTFM!”
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And no concession has been made to make this language more popular (I’m looking at you C++, Java and Javascript).
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This langage remain pure (I know there are two meaning).</p>
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<h2 id="unpopular-languages">Unpopular Languages</h2>
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<h3 id="metapost">Metapost</h3>
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<p>Metapost is a language to program drawings.
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What make metapost very good?
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It contains a linear solver.
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This is really useful to draw things.
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For example if you write:</p>
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<pre class="twilight">
|
|
<span class="Variable">AA</span><span class="Keyword">=</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Keyword">/</span><span class="Constant">3</span>[<span class="Variable">A</span>,<span class="Variable">B</span>]
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|
</pre>
|
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|
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<p>It will place the point <code>AA</code> between the point <code>A</code> and <code>B</code>.
|
|
More precisely at the barycenter <code>(2xA + B)/3</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="twilight">
|
|
<span class="Variable">X</span><span class="Keyword">=</span>whatever[<span class="Variable">A</span>,<span class="Variable">B</span>]
|
|
<span class="Variable">X</span><span class="Keyword">=</span>whatever[<span class="Variable">C</span>,<span class="Variable">D</span>]
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
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<p>This second example, will place the point X at the intersection of the two segments <code>AB</code> and <code>CD</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This feature is very helpful, and not only to draw things.
|
|
Most programming language should think about adding it.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="zsh">zsh</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Yes, zsh is a shell.
|
|
But it is also a script language extremly well suited to file management.
|
|
For now, it is the best shell I used. I prefer zsh to bash.</p>
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<h3 id="prolog">Prolog</h3>
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|
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<p>I never made something serious with Prolog, but I really loved to use and learn it.
|
|
I had the chance to learn Prolog with <a href="http://alain.colmerauer.free.fr/">Alain Colmerauer</a> himself.
|
|
This language try to resolve constraints as much as it can.
|
|
It has a magic feeling when you use it.
|
|
We only write constraints, we never put order.
|
|
A bit like functional programming but far more powerful.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="languages-to-discover">Languages to discover</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>Many languages and framework remains to be learnt and tried.
|
|
Actually I believe I will stay a while with haskell.
|
|
Maybe tomorrow I will look at LISP, Scala or Erlang.
|
|
I also certainly look at clojure to make web application.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Tell me if you have any other experience with these programming languages.
|
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Of course, my feelings are highly subjectives.
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But I used all of these languages.</p>
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