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Expression régulière pour tout sauf quelquechose
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< p > Parfois vous ne pouvez simplement pas écrire :< / p >
< div > < pre class = "twilight" >
< span class = "Keyword" > if< / span > str.< span class = "Entity" > match< / span > (regexp) < span class = "Keyword" > and< / span >
< span class = "Keyword" > not< / span > str.< span class = "Entity" > match< / span > (other_regexp)
do_something
< / pre > < / div >
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< p > et vous devez obtenir le même comportement avec seulement une expression régulière. Le problème c’ ’ ’ < / p >
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< p > Cependant, pour certaines expressions ce peut être possible< sup > < a href = "#note1" > †< / a > < / sup > . Disons que vous souhaitez < em > matcher< / em > toutes les lignes contenant le mot < code > bull< / code > , mais que vous ne souhaitez pas matcher < code > bullshit< / code > . Voici une façon sympa d’ :< / p >
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< div > < pre class = "twilight" >
< span class = "Comment" > < span class = "Comment" > #< / span > matcher toute les chaines qui < / span >
< span class = "Comment" > < span class = "Comment" > #< / span > matchent 'bull' (bullshit compris)< / span >
< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > /< / span > < / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > bull< / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > /< / span > < / span >
< span class = "Comment" > < span class = "Comment" > #< / span > matcher toutes les chaines qui < / span >
< span class = "Comment" > < span class = "Comment" > #< / span > contiennent 'bull' sauf 'bullshit'< / span >
< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > /< / span > < / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > bull< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > (< / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > [< / span > ^s< span class = "StringRegexp" > ]< / span > < / span > |$< span class = "StringRegexp" > )< / span > < / span > |< / span >
< span class = "StringRegexp" > bulls< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > (< / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > [< / span > ^h< span class = "StringRegexp" > ]< / span > < / span > |$< span class = "StringRegexp" > )< / span > < / span > |< / span >
< span class = "StringRegexp" > bullsh< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > (< / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > [< / span > ^i< span class = "StringRegexp" > ]< / span > < / span > |$< span class = "StringRegexp" > )< / span > < / span > |< / span >
< span class = "StringRegexp" > bullshi< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > (< / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > [< / span > ^t< span class = "StringRegexp" > ]< / span > < / span > |$< span class = "StringRegexp" > )< / span > < / span > < / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > /< / span > < / span >
< span class = "Comment" > < span class = "Comment" > #< / span > une autre façon de l'écrire serait< / span >
< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > /< / span > < / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > bull< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > (< / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > [< / span > ^s< span class = "StringRegexp" > ]< / span > < / span > |$|s< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > (< / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > [< / span > ^h< span class = "StringRegexp" > ]< / span > < / span > |$< span class = "StringRegexp" > )< / span > < / span > |sh< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > (< / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > [< / span > ^i< span class = "StringRegexp" > ]< / span > < / span > |$< span class = "StringRegexp" > )< / span > < / span > |shi< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > (< / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > [< / span > ^t< span class = "StringRegexp" > ]< / span > < / span > |$< span class = "StringRegexp" > )< / span > < / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > )< / span > < / span > < / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > /< / span > < / span >
< / pre > < / div >
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< p > Regardons de plus près. Dans la première ligne, l’ :
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< code > bull([^s]|$)< / code > , pourquoi avons nous besoin du < code > $< / code > ?
Parce que sans lui, le mot < code > bull< / code > ne serait pas matché. Cette expression signifie :< / p >
< blockquote >
< p > La chaine finie par < code > bull< / code > < br / >
ou, < br / >
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contient < code > bull< / code > suivi d’ < code > s< / code > .< / p >
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< / blockquote >
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< p > Et voilà. J’ < / p >
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< p > Notez que cette méthode n’ ’ ’ :< / p >
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< div > < pre class = "twilight" >
< span class = "Comment" > < span class = "Comment" > #< / span > Commence avec 'a': ^a< / span >
< span class = "Comment" > < span class = "Comment" > #< / span > Se finit par 'a': c$< / span >
< span class = "Comment" > < span class = "Comment" > #< / span > Contient 'b': .*b.*< / span >
< span class = "Comment" > < span class = "Comment" > #< / span > Mais n'est pas 'axbxc'< / span >
< span class = "Keyword" > if< / span > str.< span class = "Entity" > match< / span > (< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > /< / span > < / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > ^a.*b.*c$< / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > /< / span > < / span > ) < span class = "Keyword" > and< / span >
< span class = "Keyword" > not< / span > str.< span class = "Entity" > match< / span > (< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > /< / span > < / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > ^axbxc$< / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > /< / span > < / span > )
do_something
< span class = "Keyword" > end< / span >
< / pre > < / div >
< p > Une solution est :< / p >
< div > < pre class = "twilight" >
< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > /< / span > < / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > abc| < span class = "Comment" > < span class = "Comment" > #< / span > longueur 3< / span > < / span >
< span class = "StringRegexp" > a.bc| < span class = "Comment" > < span class = "Comment" > #< / span > longueur 4< / span > < / span >
< span class = "StringRegexp" > ab.c|< / span >
< span class = "StringRegexp" > a< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > [< / span > ^x< span class = "StringRegexp" > ]< / span > < / span > b< span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > [< / span > ^x< span class = "StringRegexp" > ]< / span > < / span > c| < span class = "Comment" > < span class = "Comment" > #< / span > longueur 5< / span > < / span >
< span class = "StringRegexp" > a...*b.*c| # longueur > 5< / span >
< span class = "StringRegexp" > a.*b...*c< / span > < span class = "StringRegexp" > < span class = "StringRegexp" > /< / span > < / span >
< / pre > < / div >
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< p > Cette solution utilise la longueur maximale de la chaine qui ne doit pas être matchée. Il existe certainement d’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ < / p >
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< hr / >
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< p > < small > < a name = "note1" > †< / a >
Il peut être démontré que tout ensemble régulier privé d’
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< a href = "/Scratch/fr/blog/2010-01-12-antialias-font-in-Firefox-under-Ubuntu/" > < span class = "nicer" > «< / span > Fontes adoucies sous Ubuntu Firefox< / a >
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< a href = "/Scratch/fr/blog/2010-01-04-Change-default-shell-on-Mac-OS-X/" > < span class = "nicer" > «< / span > Changer le shell par défaut sous Mac OS X< / a >
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< a href = "/Scratch/fr/blog/2010-02-16-All-but-something-regexp--2-/" > Tout sauf quelquechose en expression régulière. < span class = "nicer" > »< / span > < / a >
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< a href = "/Scratch/fr/blog/2010-02-18-split-a-file-by-keyword/" > découper un fichier par mots clés < span class = "nicer" > »< / span > < / a >
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< a href = "/Scratch/fr/blog/2010-02-23-When-regexp-is-not-the-best-solution/" > Quand se passer des expressions régulières ? < span class = "nicer" > »< / span > < / a >
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