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298 lines
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<head><title>I The Haskell 2010 Language</title>
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<meta name="date" content="2010-07-20 13:11:00" />
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<!--l. 444--><div class="crosslinks"><p class="noindent">[<a
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href="haskellpa2.html" >next</a>] [<a
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<h1 class="partHead"><span class="titlemark">Part I<br /></span><a
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id="x5-8000I"></a>The Haskell 2010 Language</h1>
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<p class="noindent">
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<div class="chapterTOCS">
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<span class="chapterToc" >1 <a
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href="haskellch1.html#x6-90001">Introduction</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >1.1 <a
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href="haskellch1.html#x6-100001.1">Program Structure</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >1.2 <a
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href="haskellch1.html#x6-110001.2">The Haskell Kernel</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >1.3 <a
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href="haskellch1.html#x6-120001.3">Values and Types</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >1.4 <a
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href="haskellch1.html#x6-130001.4">Namespaces</a></span>
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<br /><span class="chapterToc" >2 <a
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href="haskellch2.html#x7-140002">Lexical Structure</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >2.1 <a
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href="haskellch2.html#x7-150002.1">Notational Conventions</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >2.2 <a
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href="haskellch2.html#x7-160002.2">Lexical Program Structure</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >2.3 <a
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href="haskellch2.html#x7-170002.3">Comments</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >2.4 <a
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href="haskellch2.html#x7-180002.4">Identifiers and Operators</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >2.5 <a
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href="haskellch2.html#x7-190002.5">Numeric Literals</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >2.6 <a
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href="haskellch2.html#x7-200002.6">Character and String Literals</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >2.7 <a
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href="haskellch2.html#x7-210002.7">Layout</a></span>
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<br /><span class="chapterToc" >3 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-220003">Expressions</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.1 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-230003.1">Errors</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.2 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-240003.2">Variables, Constructors, Operators, and Literals</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.3 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-260003.3">Curried Applications and Lambda Abstractions</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.4 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-280003.4">Operator Applications</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.5 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-300003.5">Sections</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.6 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-320003.6">Conditionals</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.7 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-340003.7">Lists</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.8 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-360003.8">Tuples</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.9 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-380003.9">Unit Expressions and Parenthesized Expressions</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.10 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-400003.10">Arithmetic Sequences</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.11 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-420003.11">List Comprehensions</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.12 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-440003.12">Let Expressions</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.13 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-460003.13">Case Expressions</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.14 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-470003.14">Do Expressions</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.15 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-490003.15">Datatypes with Field Labels</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.16 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-560003.16">Expression Type-Signatures</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3.17 <a
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href="haskellch3.html#x8-580003.17">Pattern Matching</a></span>
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<br /><span class="chapterToc" >4 <a
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href="haskellch4.html#x10-620004">Declarations and Bindings</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >4.1 <a
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href="haskellch4.html#x10-630004.1">Overview of Types and Classes</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >4.2 <a
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href="haskellch4.html#x10-680004.2">User-Defined Datatypes</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >4.3 <a
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href="haskellch4.html#x10-750004.3">Type Classes and Overloading</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >4.4 <a
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href="haskellch4.html#x10-800004.4">Nested Declarations</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >4.5 <a
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href="haskellch4.html#x10-880004.5">Static Semantics of Function and Pattern Bindings</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >4.6 <a
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href="haskellch4.html#x10-970004.6">Kind Inference</a></span>
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<br /><span class="chapterToc" >5 <a
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href="haskellch5.html#x11-980005">Modules</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >5.1 <a
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href="haskellch5.html#x11-990005.1">Module Structure</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >5.2 <a
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href="haskellch5.html#x11-1000005.2">Export Lists</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >5.3 <a
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href="haskellch5.html#x11-1010005.3">Import Declarations</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >5.4 <a
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href="haskellch5.html#x11-1060005.4">Importing and Exporting Instance Declarations</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >5.5 <a
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href="haskellch5.html#x11-1070005.5">Name Clashes and Closure</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >5.6 <a
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href="haskellch5.html#x11-1110005.6">Standard Prelude</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >5.7 <a
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href="haskellch5.html#x11-1140005.7">Separate Compilation</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >5.8 <a
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href="haskellch5.html#x11-1150005.8">Abstract Datatypes</a></span>
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<br /><span class="chapterToc" >6 <a
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href="haskellch6.html#x13-1160006">Predefined Types and Classes</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >6.1 <a
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href="haskellch6.html#x13-1170006.1">Standard Haskell Types</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >6.2 <a
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href="haskellch6.html#x13-1260006.2">Strict Evaluation</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >6.3 <a
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href="haskellch6.html#x13-1270006.3">Standard Haskell Classes</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >6.4 <a
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href="haskellch6.html#x13-1350006.4">Numbers</a></span>
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<br /><span class="chapterToc" >7 <a
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href="haskellch7.html#x14-1420007">Basic Input/Output</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >7.1 <a
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href="haskellch7.html#x14-1430007.1">Standard I/O Functions</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >7.2 <a
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href="haskellch7.html#x14-1470007.2">Sequencing I/O Operations</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >7.3 <a
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href="haskellch7.html#x14-1480007.3">Exception Handling in the I/O Monad</a></span>
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<br /><span class="chapterToc" >8 <a
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href="haskellch8.html#x15-1490008">Foreign Function Interface</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >8.1 <a
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href="haskellch8.html#x15-1500008.1">Foreign Languages</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >8.2 <a
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href="haskellch8.html#x15-1510008.2">Contexts</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >8.3 <a
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href="haskellch8.html#x15-1530008.3">Lexical Structure</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >8.4 <a
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href="haskellch8.html#x15-1540008.4">Foreign Declarations</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >8.5 <a
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href="haskellch8.html#x15-1610008.5">Specification of External Entities</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >8.6 <a
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href="haskellch8.html#x15-1690008.6">Marshalling</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >8.7 <a
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href="haskellch8.html#x15-1700008.7">The External C Interface</a></span>
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<br /><span class="chapterToc" >9 <a
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href="haskellch9.html#x16-1710009">Standard Prelude</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >9.1 <a
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href="haskellch9.html#x16-1720009.1">Prelude <span
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class="pcrr7t-">PreludeList</span></a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >9.2 <a
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href="haskellch9.html#x16-1730009.2">Prelude <span
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class="pcrr7t-">PreludeText</span></a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >9.3 <a
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href="haskellch9.html#x16-1740009.3">Prelude <span
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class="pcrr7t-">PreludeIO</span></a></span>
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<br /><span class="chapterToc" >10 <a
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href="haskellch10.html#x17-17500010">Syntax Reference</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >10.1 <a
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href="haskellch10.html#x17-17600010.1">Notational Conventions</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >10.2 <a
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href="haskellch10.html#x17-17700010.2">Lexical Syntax</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >10.3 <a
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href="haskellch10.html#x17-17800010.3">Layout</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >10.4 <a
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href="haskellch10.html#x17-17900010.4">Literate comments</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >10.5 <a
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href="haskellch10.html#x17-18000010.5">Context-Free Syntax</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >10.6 <a
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href="haskellch10.html#x17-18100010.6">Fixity Resolution</a></span>
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<br /><span class="chapterToc" >11 <a
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href="haskellch11.html#x18-18200011">Specification of Derived Instances</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >11.1 <a
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href="haskellch11.html#x18-18300011.1">Derived instances of <span
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class="pcrr7t-">Eq</span> and <span
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class="pcrr7t-">Ord</span></a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >11.2 <a
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href="haskellch11.html#x18-18400011.2">Derived instances of <span
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class="pcrr7t-">Enum</span></a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >11.3 <a
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href="haskellch11.html#x18-18500011.3">Derived instances of <span
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class="pcrr7t-">Bounded</span></a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >11.4 <a
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href="haskellch11.html#x18-18600011.4">Derived instances of <span
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class="pcrr7t-">Read</span> and <span
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class="pcrr7t-">Show</span></a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >11.5 <a
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href="haskellch11.html#x18-18700011.5">An Example</a></span>
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<br /><span class="chapterToc" >12 <a
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href="haskellch12.html#x19-18800012">Compiler Pragmas</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >12.1 <a
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href="haskellch12.html#x19-18900012.1">Inlining</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >12.2 <a
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href="haskellch12.html#x19-19000012.2">Specialization</a></span>
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<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >12.3 <a
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href="haskellch12.html#x19-19100012.3">Language extensions</a></span>
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<!--l. 465--><div class="crosslinks"><p class="noindent">[<a
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href="haskellpa2.html" >next</a>] [<a
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href="haskellli2.html" >prev</a>] [<a
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href="haskellli2.html#tailhaskellli2.html" >prev-tail</a>] [<a
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href="haskellpa1.html" >front</a>] [<a
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href="haskell.html#haskellpa1.html" >up</a>] </p></div>
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<p class="noindent"> <a
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id="tailhaskellpa1.html"></a>
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